The Lethality Assessment Program Maryland Model (LAP) is a nationally recognized, evidence-based initiative designed to reduce intimate partner homicides and serious injuries. Developed by the Maryland Network Against Domestic Violence (MNADV) and based on the groundbreaking research of Dr. Jacquelyn Campbell of Johns Hopkins University, LAP is a proactive strategy that brings together law enforcement and domestic violence service providers to identify and support victims at the highest risk.
To support implementation and improve consistency, the DVLAP web app is available to law enforcement agencies and domestic violence service providers. This secure, purpose-built tool streamlines the LAP process by allowing trained officers to complete lethality screens electronically, connect victims with local service providers in real time, and track data for follow-up and reporting. The DVLAP app strengthens the LAP workflow, enhances data quality, and supports early intervention by improving communication between agencies.
Recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a "supported intervention" and by the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) as a "leading promising practice," LAP is a proven model of coordinated community response. Since its implementation in 2005, LAP has demonstrated success in strengthening the collaboration between police departments and community-based domestic violence programs, resulting in increased access to life-saving services for victims.
When a law enforcement officer responds to a domestic violence incident involving intimate partners, they conduct an 11-question lethality screen developed through years of multidisciplinary research. These questions are designed to quickly identify whether the victim is at high risk of being seriously injured or killed.
If the screen indicates high danger—or if the officer believes the victim is at risk based on the situation—the officer immediately contacts the local domestic violence hotline. The victim is then encouraged to speak directly with a trained hotline advocate. This advocate helps the victim develop a safety plan and offers access to vital services such as emergency shelter, legal support, and counseling.
The LAP has been widely implemented across the United States, including in 48 Pennsylvania counties, involving over 300 police departments and dozens of domestic violence programs. In Pennsylvania alone, more than 8,800 victims accessed domestic violence services in the month following a lethality screen, regardless of whether they screened in as high risk.
To support ongoing evaluation and accountability, many states, including Pennsylvania, have developed digital dashboards that visualize data from law enforcement and service providers. These tools help track implementation and outcomes while ensuring continuous improvement of the program.
A lethality assessment is more than just a screening tool—it's a life-saving intervention. Research has shown that certain risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of homicide in abusive relationships. LAP gives first responders a structured method to recognize these risks early and to act swiftly to protect victims.
By connecting those at the highest risk with resources in the critical moments following a domestic violence incident, LAP helps break the cycle of abuse and prevent future tragedies.
If your agency is ready to take a proactive step in protecting victims of domestic violence and officers, we can help you implement the LAP effectively and sustainably. Services offered include:
These tools and resources are designed to make LAP adoption simple, scalable, and impactful—empowering your agency to save lives and improve public safety through early intervention.